# Photobiomodulation (PBM)

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## Definition

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the non-thermal, non-ionizing application of light energy to biological tissue to modulate cellular metabolism. The primary mechanism involves photon absorption by cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) in the electron transport chain, photodissociating inhibitory nitric oxide and immediately restoring ATP synthesis. The term was formally adopted by the World Association for Photobiomodulation Therapy (WALT) to replace the older designation "low-level laser therapy" (LLLT), reflecting that both laser and non-coherent LED sources produce equivalent therapeutic effects at matched parameters. Over 5,000 peer-reviewed studies have investigated PBM across dermatology, neurology, pain management, and wound healing. The biphasic dose response (Arndt-Schulz law) defines the therapeutic window at 1–8 J/cm² per session.

## Related Topics

- periorbital-red-light-therapy
- red-light-therapy-wavelengths
- mitochondrial-photobiomodulation
- collagen-stimulation-light-therapy
- red-light-therapy-clinical-evidence

## See Also

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_laser_therapy
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322183
- https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D028022

## Target Keywords

- photobiomodulation
- photobiomodulation therapy
- PBM therapy
- low level light therapy
- LLLT